IRB Appeals
The Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB) is Canada's largest independent administrative tribunal. It is responsible for making well-reasoned decisions on immigration matters, such as family sponsorship refusal appeals, PR card renew/ residency obligation appeals, and other removal order hearings. It's always strongly recommended to hire a legal counsel (either a licensed immigration consultant or a lawyer) to ensure legal procedural fairness and lay out all your options.
IRB 移民法庭是加拿大最大的一个行政法庭 ，审理婚姻及家庭亲属移民，未够移民监保枫叶卡，刑事犯罪相关遣返令的各类案件。强烈建议雇佣移民顾问或律师（虽然不是法律上强制）协助申诉案件。在没有法律专业知识的情形下，即使有机会的案件也极可能败诉。
What should you do if you want to challenge the refusal?
There're several legal remedies (actions, solution, steps) you could take when you get a refusal letter.
Original Blog Post With More Details:
Family Sponsorship, including spouse, children, parents and grandparents get refused –
--- Call an immigration professional
--- Go for IRB (Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada) appeal. Your case will be reviewed by a judge from Immigration Appeal Division. New evidence and witnesses can be introduced. You’ll have at least an entire day to present your case. In an appeal, the decision maker (immigration judge) can substitute their own decision for that of the original decision maker. With sufficient evidence and professional preparation, the chances to obtain an approval on the appeal day is promising. If you have a spousal application refusal based on suspicion of marriage in convenience, or a parents application refusal based on insufficient tax amount, your successful chances are higher, and process time is less, comparing with re-apply.
You may even have the option to go for a shorter (1-2 hours) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Conference to present your case privately. This could be arranged a few months after the sponsorship refusal. If ADR is successful, you don’t need to go to IAD for the full hearing.
Residency Obligation Breach, including overseas report/PR card renew refusal and departure order issued at Port of Entry.—
--- Call an immigration professional
--- Go for IRB appeal. You can go to Immigration appeal division to challenge a breach of residency obligation report (A44 report), regardless it’s issued overseas or at Port of Entry in Canada. You can challenge the required days calculation, maybe you have lived for 730 days, maybe you’re accompanying Canadian Citizen spouse or parents overseas, the officer did do the calculation wrong. Or perhaps you have not lived for 730 days, but you have personal reasons for it, and they’re out of your control, then you can challenge the negative decision based on Humanitarian and Compassionate considerations. By seeking immigration professional’s help at the earliest possible date, your retain PR status chances will increase.
Express Entry, Skilled Worker , Economic class applications get refused
--- Call an immigration professional
--- Re-apply or go for Judicial Review.
Economic class doesn’t have right to appeal at IRB.
Visitor Visa, Temporary Resident get refused
--- Call an immigration professional
--- Re-apply or go for Judicial Review.
Work Permit or Study Permit, Temporary Resident get refused
--- Call an immigration professional
--- Re-apply or Ask for Re-consideration.
To sum up, the course of action to take depends upon the type of application that has been made. It is best to consult with an immigration professional to decide what the best option and strategy. Immigration Consultants (ICCRC members) are qualified by regulation to represent clients before the IRB appeals. However, not all, in fact only less than 3% of consultants are specialized in IRB appeal. Only lawyers (provincial bar association members), are able to appear before the JR Federal Court. Avery Liao is a consultant specializing in IRB appeal and also works with immigration lawyers with JR cases.
This website contains general information about legal matters. The information is not advice, and should not be treated as such. If you have any specific questions about any immigration legal matter you should consult a certified immigration professional. You should never delay seeking legal advice, disregard legal advice, or commence or discontinue any legal action because of information on this website.
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是不是所有申请被拒都有资格进行移民法庭上诉呢？移民法庭上诉是不是最佳策略呢？有没有其它选择？有没有针对拒信的通识策略呢？
根据申请类别不同。大致上有以下法律策略。
家庭团聚申请，婚姻卡，子女团聚，父母团聚，祖父母团聚 被拒—
--- 致电专业移民顾问
--- 移民法庭上诉。在签证官那里被拒的案例将重新被Immigration Appeal Division的法官审查，你有权力列举所有对你有利的新的证据和证人。并至少有一天到法庭正式陈诉案例。 法官可以做出一个推翻签证官原有决定的判断。此类上诉成功率很高，只要是在足够证据和专业准备情形下，甚至可以当场得到通过决定。常见类别上诉成功率高，且耗时少的有: 签证官因怀疑婚姻不真实被拒的婚姻卡，因收入报税不够的父母团聚枫叶卡申请。
在某些特定情形下，还可能可以在被拒后数月，安排一个和正式出庭比，较短的庭前调解ADR会议。ADR如通过，则省去了正式出庭的步骤。
移民监未坐够，包括枫叶卡申请被拒，加拿大境外的身份失效报告和境内颁发的遣返令
--- 致电专业移民顾问
--- 移民法庭上诉。通常情况下无论你在境内还是境外，你没有满足五年住满两年的移民监，你可能会收到A44 report. 这个可能是你在境外申请枫叶卡或旅行文件拿到的，也可能是在境内入境海关签署的。如果是海关签署，你同时还会收到一个遣返令。你可以在规定时间内递交上诉申请。你有权力列举所有对你有利的新的证据和证人。上诉的理由可以是 1 海关和移民局计算天数失误，你有新证据支持天数，或者你应该计算上在海外陪同加拿大公民配偶和父母的天数，对方没算上 2 你虽然没住满730天，但你有不可控的理由，也就是我们通常说的人道主义考量。移民监未住够需要上诉，越早联系移民专家越大机会保住枫叶卡。
Express Entry 技术移民，及其它投资移民等
--- 致电专业移民顾问
--- 重新申请或者联邦法庭司法复核。
技术移民类没有在移民法庭上诉的资格。
旅游签证被拒
--- 致电专业移民顾问
--- 重新申请或者联邦法庭司法复核。
工作签证，学习签证被拒
--- 致电专业移民顾问
--- 重新申请或者联邦法庭司法复核。
综上所诉, 根据不同类别的申请，不同的申请人，不同的签证官决定，有不同的策略。建议是处理大事要谨慎，专业人士意见很重要。ICCRC认证的移民顾问可以在移民申请和IRB上诉有权限代理申请人，有权限不代表高效率。精通IRB 移民法庭上诉的移民顾问不会超过3%。各省认证的律师可以代理IRB，也能代理联邦法庭司法复核。Avery Liao 是精通移民法庭上诉和持证移民顾问，并和移民律师合作司法复核案例。
以上建议非法律建议，仅为笔者个人意见，仅供参考。法律常有特例不包含在通常情况下。有法律需求情形下，可联系笔者进行正式法律咨询，也可联系其它有执照专业人士，但并不能依赖本文进行个人错误操作。